The Impact of Social Concepts on Adventure Tourism Participation: A Mixed Method Study

Pranoto Pranoto; Sukrisno Sukrisno; Sapto Supriyanto; Haniek Listyorini; Hartoyo Soehari; Kundori Kundori

doi:10.34149/jmbr.v21i2.652

The Impact of Social Concepts on Adventure Tourism Participation: A Mixed Method Study

Pranoto Pranoto - Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Pariwisata Indonesia (STIEPARI)
Sukrisno Sukrisno - Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Pariwisata Indonesia (STIEPARI)
Sapto Supriyanto - Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Pariwisata Indonesia (STIEPARI)
Haniek Listyorini - Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Pariwisata Indonesia (STIEPARI)
Hartoyo Soehari - Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Pariwisata Indonesia (STIEPARI)
Kundori Kundori - Faculty of Maritime, Universitas Maritim AMNI

Abstract

Self-identity theory in social psychology highlights the importance of social groups, interactions, and context in shaping an individual's sense of self and how this self-identity influences thoughts, feelings, and behavior. This research seeks to review various literature on adventure tourism by providing a specific exploration of the role of self-identity in triggering participation in forms of adventure tourism using a mixed-method research design, 50 visitors were identified as informants for the qualitative research, and 329 respondents were surveyed as visitors to surfing tourist destinations at Menganti, Widarapayung, and Parangtritis beaches. All hypotheses proposed in this research were accepted. This shows that comparisons between regions show little difference among young consumers. The model presented and tested in this research provides a solid theoretical framework and can help understand self-identity as a driver of consumer participation. Managerial implications can provide understanding for surf destination managers so that they reflect the importance of creating a positive attitude towards the product before traveling.

Keywords

Adventure tourism, intention to participate, mixed-method study, self-identity, surfing

Full Text:

PDF

References

Adebayo, B. S. (2022). Relationship among sports participation, self-perception and gender role orientation of adolescent female students in Kwara state, Nigeria. Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine, 38, 39-46. https://doi.org/10.18276/cej.2022.2-04

Aden, W. A., Zhao, S., Subhan, F., Zhou, H., & Ullah, I. (2020). A comparative study on pedestrians' intention to violate traffic rules: the case of china and djibouti. Journal of Road and Traffic Engineering 66(3), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.31075/pis.66.03.01

Anderson, C., Hildreth, J. A. D., & Howland, L. (2015). Is the desire for status a fundamental human motive? A review of the empirical literature. Psychological Bulletin, 141(3), 574-601. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038781

Arbuckle, J. (2016). IBM® SPSS® AmosTM user’s guide. Microsoft Corporation

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). To saturate or not to saturate? Questioning data saturation as a useful concept for thematic analysis and sample-size rationales. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 13(2), 201-216.

Briandana, R., Ananda, I. A., & Ahmad, M. M. (2024). Tourist experience of Indonesia’s tourism in the era of digitalization. Bricolage: Jurnal Magister Ilmu Komunikasi, 10(1), 015-024.

Cao, Y. and Liu, J. (2022). The spatial spillover effect and its impact on tourism development in a megacity in China. Sustainability, 14(15), 9188. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159188

Cohen, E. (1972). Toward a sociology of international tourism, social research. Political Economics, 39(1), 164–182.

Correia, A., & Kozak, M. (2012). Exploring prestige and status on domestic destinations: The case of Algarve. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(4), 1951–1967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.06.005

Crouch, A. (2023). Culture Making: Recovering our creative calling. InterVarsity Press.

Desforges, L. (2000). Traveling the world. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(4), 926–945. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00125-5

Escalas, J. E., & Bettman, J. R. (2003). You are what they eat: the influence of reference groups on consumers’ connections to brands. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 13(3), 339–348. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327663JCP1303_14

Francis, J. J., Johnston, M., Robertson, C., Glidewell, L., Entwistle, V., Eccles, M. P., & Grimshaw, J. M. (2010). What is an adequate sample size? Operationalizing data saturation for theory-based interview studies. Psychology & Health, 25(10), 1229–1245. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440903194015

Franklin, T. B., Russig, H., Weiss, I. C., Gräff, J., Linder, N., Michalon, A., Vizi, S., & Mansuy, I. M. (2010). Epigenetic transmission of the impact of early stress across generations. Biological Psychiatry, 68(5), 408–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.05.036

Gardiner, S., Grace, D., & King, C. (2013). Challenging the use of generational segmentation through understanding self-identity. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 31(6), 639–653. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-06-2012-0062

Gardiner, S., Janowski, I., & Kwek, A. (2023). Self-identity and adventure tourism: Cross-country comparisons of youth consumers. Tourism Management Perspectives, 46, 101061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2022.101061

Gardiner, S., & Kwek, A. (2017). Chinese participation in adventure tourism: a study of generation Y international students’ perceptions. Journal of Travel Research, 56(4), 496–506. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287516646221

Gössling, S., Cohen, S. A., & Hibbert, J. F. (2018). Tourism as connectedness. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(14), 1586–1600.

Gross, S., & Sand, M. (2020). Adventure tourism: A perspective paper. Tourism Review, 75(1), 153–157. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-06-2019-0211

Groulx, M., Lemieux, C., Dawson, J., Stewart, E., & Yudina, O. (2016). Motivations to engage in last chance tourism in the Churchill Wildlife Management Area and Wapusk National Park: the role of place identity and nature relatedness. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(11), 1523–1540. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2015.1134556

Guest, A. M. (2018). The social organization of extracurricular activities: Interpreting developmental meanings in contrasting high schools. Qualitative Psychology, 5(1), 41.

Guest, A., & Schneider, B. (2003). Adolescents’ extracurricular participation in context: The mediating effects of schools, communities, and identity. Sociology of Education, 76(2), 89–109. https://doi.org/10.2307/3090271

Haenlein, M., & Kaplan, A. M. (2004). A beginner’s guide to partial least squares analysis. Understanding Statistics, 3(4), 283–297.

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis. Pearson Education Limited

Hampton, M. P. (2003). Entry points for local tourism in developing countries: evidence from Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 85(2), 85–101.

Hayes, J. H., Dekhtyar, A., & Janzen, D. S. (2009). Towards traceable test-driven development. Proceedings of the 2009 ICSE Workshop on Traceability in Emerging Forms of Software Engineering, 26–30.

Hinkin, T. R. (2005). Scale development principles and practices. Research in Organizations: Foundations and Methods of Inquiry, 1, 161–179.

Hirschman, E. C. (1980). Innovativeness, novelty seeking, and consumer creativity. Journal of Consumer Research, 7(3), 283–295.

Hoye, R., Nicholson, M., & Brown, K. (2015). Involvement in sport and social connectedness. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 50(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690212466076

Huang, Y. (2024). Research on chinese tourists' preference for football tourism in the UK. International Journal of Global Economics and Management, 3(2), 13-37. https://doi.org/10.62051/ijgem.v3n2.03

Hughes, M., & Morgan, R. E. (2007). Deconstructing the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance at the embryonic stage of firm growth. Industrial Marketing Management, 36(5), 651–661.

Janowski, I., Gardiner, S., & Kwek, A. (2021). Dimensions of adventure tourism. Tourism Management Perspectives, 37, 100776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100776

Kline, R. B. (2023). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford publications.

Knodel, J. (1993). The design and analysis of focus group studies: A practical approach. Successful Focus Groups: Advancing the State of the Art, 1, 35–50.

Korzynski, P., Kozminski, A. K.s, Baczynska, A., & Haenlein, M. (2021). Bounded leadership: An empirical study of leadership competencies, constraints, and effectiveness. European Management Journal, 39(2), 226–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2020.07.009

Korzynski, P., Mazurek, G., & Haenlein, M. (2020). Leveraging employees as spokespeople in your HR strategy: How company-related employee posts on social media can help firms to attract new talent. European Management Journal, 38(1), 204–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2019.08.003

Kuo, C. (2021). Can we return to our normal life when the pandemic is under control? a preliminary study on the influence of COVID-19 on the tourism characteristics of Taiwan. Sustainability, 13(17), 9589. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179589

Lamont-Mills, A., & Christensen, S. A. (2006). Athletic identity and its relationship to sport participation levels. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 9(6), 472–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2006.04.004

Lee, J. S., & Choi, M. (2020). Examining the asymmetric effect of multi-shopping tourism attributes on overall shopping destination satisfaction. Journal of Travel Research, 59(2), 295-314.

Leguina, A. (2015). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 38(2), 220–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727X.2015.1005806

Leibenstein, H. (1950). Bandwagon, snob, and veblen effects in the theory of consumers’ demand. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 64(2), 183. https://doi.org/10.2307/1882692

Lemy, D. M., Pramezwary, A., Juliana, J., Pramono, R., & Qurotadini, L. N. (2021). Explorative study of tourist behavior in seeking information to travel planning. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 16(8), 1583-1589. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160819

Leotta, A. (2016). Navigating movie (m)apps: film locations, tourism and digital mapping tools. M/C Journal, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1084

Lepp, A., & Gibson, H. (2008). Sensation seeking and tourism: tourist role, perception of risk and destination choice. Tourism Management, 29(4), 740–750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.08.002

Li, J., Li, M., Sun, Y., Zhang, G., Fan, W., & Zhong, Y. (2024). The impact of social hierarchies on neural response to feedback evaluations after advice giving. Human Brain Mapping, 45(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.26611

Martin, J. J., & Gill, D. L. (2016). The relationships among competitive orientation, sport-confidence, self-efficacy, anxiety, and performance. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13(2), 149–159. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.13.2.149

McIntosh, R. W., Goeldner, C. R., & Ritchie, J. B. (1995). Tourism: Principles, practices, philosophies. (Issue Ed. 7). John Wiley and Sons.

Meşter, I., Simuț, R., Meșter, L., & Bâc, D. (2023). An investigation of tourism, economic growth, co2 emissions, trade openness and energy intensity index nexus: evidence for the European union. Energies, 16(11), 4308. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16114308

Moldes, O., Banerjee, R., Easterbrook, M. J., Harris, P. R., & Dittmar, H. (2019). Identity changes and well-being gains of spending money on material and experiential consumer products. Journal of Economic Psychology, 72, 229-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2019.04.003

Muellmann, S., Brand, T., Jürgens, D., Gansefort, D., & Zeeb, H. (2021). How many key informants are enough? Analysing the validity of the community readiness assessment. BMC research notes, 14, 1-6.

Munir, A., Kadir, N., & Umar, F. (2023). The impact of digital marketing and brand articulating capability for enhancing marketing capability. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 7(1), 65-72.

Noble, S. M., Haytko, D. L., & Phillips, J. (2009). What drives college-age generation Y consumers? Journal of Business Research, 62(6), 617–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.01.020

Oh, H., Prado, P. H. M., Korelo, J. C., & Frizzo, F. (2019). The effect of brand authenticity on consumer–brand relationships. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 28(2), 231–241. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-09-2017-1567

Pinna, M. (2019). Do gender identities of femininity and masculinity affect the intention to buy ethical products?. Psychology &Amp; Marketing, 37(3), 384-397. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21298

Sánchez‐Santos, J. M., Rungo, P., & Lera‐López, F. (2022). Building social capital through sport engagement: evidence for adults aged 50 years and older. Ageing and Society, 44(2), 403-428. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x22000046

Schellenberg, B. J. I. & Gaudreau, P. (2023). Does it matter if sport fans “root for the home team?” a test of the team identification–social psychological health model. Journal of Sport Management, 37(3), 217-225. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2022-0029

Selem, K. M., Sinha, R. K., Khalid, R., Raza, M., & Islam, S. M. (2023). Trade-off between future travel avoidance and self-protectiveness post-covid-19: the roles of adventurousness and safety-seeking tendency. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 7(1), 227-248. https://doi.org/10.1108/jhti-09-2022-0432

Semmer, N. K., Elfering, A., Jacobshagen, N., Perrot, T., Beehr, T. A., & Boos, N. (2008). The emotional meaning of instrumental social support. International Journal of Stress Management, 15(3), 235.

Shaw, D., Shiu, E., & Clarke, I. (2000). The contribution of ethical obligation and self-identity to the theory of planned behaviour: an exploration of ethical consumers. Journal of Marketing Management, 16(8), 879–894. https://doi.org/10.1362/026725700784683672

Sirgy, M. J. (1982). Self-concept in consumer behavior: a critical review. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(3), 287. https://doi.org/10.1086/208924

Skavronskaya, L., Moyle, B., Scott, N., & Kralj, A. (2020). The psychology of novelty in memorable tourism experiences. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(21), 2683-2698.

Soron, D. (2010). Sustainability, self‐identity and the sociology of consumption. Sustainable Development, 18(3), 172–181. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.457

Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 6). Pearson Boston, MA.

Blomberg-Nygard, A., & Anderson, C. K. (2016). United Nations World Tourism Organization study on online guest reviews and hotel classification systems: an integrated approach. Service Science, 8(2), 139–151. https://doi.org/10.1287/serv.2016.0139

Vealey, R. S., Garner-Holman, M., Hayashi, S. W., & Giacobbi, P. (1998). Sources of sport-confidence: Conceptualization and instrument development. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 20(1), 54–80.

Veblen, T. (1899). Mr. Cummings’s strictures on “The theory of the leisure class.” Journal of Political Economy, 8(1), 106–117. https://doi.org/10.1086/250640

Weaven, S., Quach, S., Thaichon, P., Frazer, L., Billot, K., & Grace, D. (2021). Surviving an economic downturn: dynamic capabilities of SMEs. Journal of Business Research, 128, 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.02.009

Williams, P., Soutar, G., Ashill, N. J., & Naumann, E. (2017). Value drivers and adventure tourism: A comparative analysis of Japanese and Western consumers. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 27(1), 102–122. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTP-05-2015-0116

Yılmaz, G. &Genç, N. (2024). Examining the relationship between international sports organizations and sports awareness. Journal of Sport Sciences Research, 9(2), 214-228. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1479682

Zhang, C. X., Wang, L., & Rickly, J. M. (2021). Non-interaction and identity change in Covid-19 tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 89, 103211.